Evidence Based Project Literature Review - 1653 Words

Section C: Literature Support In order to have an effective evidence based project literature needs be gathered. Once that occurs the available resources need to be appraised. Several methods exist in order to properly appraise and evaluate the literature found for the projects problem and purposed solution. This paper will analyze research articles found with the use of the Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist and the Evaluation Table Template provided by Melnyk Fineout-Overholt (2015). The following paragraphs will also discuss the description of search methods used, give a summary of the articles, and their validity in further detail. Description of Search Methods If the proper searching method is not used the search engine will†¦show more content†¦The goal is to only discuss the purpose and brief overview of the literature. This will allow to see how this literature is pertinent to the following problem statement: P: In patients 65 years of age and older I: how does the administration of an influenza vaccine C: compared to not receiving the vaccine O: decrease their risks of developing pneumonia T: during flu season. Article 1 Castilla and colleges (2013) purpose was to find out how effective the influenza vaccine was during the flu season in preventing severe medical complications. It included hospitalized patients during 2010-2011 in 29 Spanish hospitals (Castilla et al., 2013). Individuals were matched by age, admission/visit date, and province (Castilla et al., 2013). Limitations of this study may include the fact that it was only conducted in the span of a year. Strengths include that it was conducted in 29 Spanish hospitals providing a larger population to study (Castilla et al., 2013). Results conclude that the influenza vaccine did prevented severe medical cases in these facilities (Castilla et al., 2013). Article 2 Since the pneumonia is a serious complication of the influenza Grijalva and colleagues (2015) wanted to evaluate the relationship between the influenza vaccine and pneumonia during the flu seasons. They conducted this study during January of 2010 to January 2012 (Grijalva et al., 2015). Eight hospital in four states in the U.S were includedShow MoreRelatedSteps For Implementing The New Practice936 Words   |  4 Pagesfor implementing the new practice, and support this change in practice with current literature. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines regarding patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) seek to reduce variation in practice and improve outcomes for this patient population (O Gara et al., 2013). Current evidence-based practice includes immediate reperfusion therapy to the involved coronary artery in thisRead MoreThe Project Is Fine Tuning Work Done From Previous C ourse Work?1215 Words   |  5 Pagesaudience. The timeframe to complete the introduction for the capstone project has initially been outlined as seven days. The purpose for such a short duration is secondary to previous course work that has helped to narrow the topic to a reasonable research question. Further refinement may be necessary, but the question should be very close to final. Essentially all that will be left in the introduction section of the project is fine tuning work done from previous course work. There is buffer forRead MoreA Study On Refining Organizational Training Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagescapstone literature review plan focuses on refining organizational training research, demonstrating an understanding of current organizational environment and limitations, and how the capstone project can fit in the global context of training. II. Describe a plan to collect and organize literature that explains the history of the topic. This capstone project literature review will consist of historic and present studies of employee training. This capstone project is compiled of literal evidence on employeeRead MoreWhat Is Evidence Based Practice To Facilitate Organizational Change1108 Words   |  5 Pagesrelation to evidence based practice. This goal was met as the spirit of inquiry has become lit within my practice. Each practice within my unit I view with a new light and a questioning attitude. Through research analysis I am able to find current research and evaluate the limitations of the study and determine if it can be generalized to my patient population. The second goal addressed the affective domain: At the end of this course I will demonstrate commitment to the use of evidence based practiceRead MoreComparison Of Qi Models For Patient Care Changes905 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast QI models There are several EBP models available to assist QI projects. One of the models is Plan do study act (PDSA) This model offers four phases for review to ensure the best product is in place for patient care changes (Hall, Roussel, 2014). PDSA PDSA is the QI model of the article. The facilities who used this model all began with a planning phase with a team that consisted of members of the mobility team (Engel, Needham, Morris, Gropper, 2013). These team members consistedRead MoreDescription And Scope Of The Problem1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbreadth of alarm hazards is not completely understood because only a portion of the events have been studied or even reported, the course of action will be tied to the evidence in the literature, and the local assessment completed in the respective departments within the A Organization. Lukasewicz Anderson (2015) state there is literature that supports major themes which have been linked to clinical alarm events as studied by various patient safety organizations, some of which include: The Joint CommissionRead MoreDesign For Change Proposal : Implementing Hourly Rounding1487 Words   |  6 Pagesassistant as well as informing the patient when the next hourly round will be conducted. Change Model Overview The John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model describes how practice, education and research are the foundation for professional nursing. Practice is first, nurses need to question the basis of their practice and utilize an evidenced based approach to validate or change their current practice. Next is education, nurses’ education is basic in the beginning however with ongoingRead MoreResearch Study Skin Safety Model1186 Words   |  5 PagesHealth researchers used literature review to study skin integrity from the viewpoint of observing the skin as a vulnerable complex organ susceptible to many threats and injuries. Interactions between patient, health systems, and acute situational stressors all play an interrelate role in skin integrity and skin injuries. The focus of this study is to reveal the practices of maintaining skin integrity. Researchers examined published literature between 1960 and December 2014 using electronic databasesRead MoreTeaching Nurses On Compassion Fatigue1571 Words   |  7 Pagesdepartment (ED), nurses are expected to show compassion even when they are exhausted? Over tired? Over worked? Fatigued? The purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to educate ED nurses on compassion fatigue (CF) risk factors, causes, and symptoms as well as assist them in its identification among each other and within themselves. Further, the project sought to provide nurses with skills in order to prevent CF. A two-hour workshop consisting of a PowerPoint presentation was implementedRead MoreFactors Impacting The Performance And Profitability Of Healthcare Organizations850 Words   |  4 Pagesalso cultural and socioeconomic factors. In addition to shifts in the nation’s demographics, there have also been tremendous changes in evidence based population density. The thesis statement of this project will be to discuss the high turnover and absentee rates in the nursing healthcare profession. Literature Review A critical analysis of three evidence based research references on turnover of nursing profession was conducted by: 1. Demonstrating the predictability of organizational commitment

Cause And Effect Of Global Warming - 953 Words

Over the past decade, the Earth’s gradual temperature increase has sparked a debate amongst scientists and politicians. Scientists have conducted research to understand the cause and effect of global warming, but it can take years for scientists to reach a consensus. The claims that global warming is the next apocalypse or is just some fairy tale lack scientific proof. These claims have confused the general public, and leave many citizens’ questions unanswered. Many people are concerned about the overall decline of environmental health due to an increase in man-made greenhouse gas emissions, but experts are now clarifying the debate on global warming with hard scientific evidence that may prove global climate change is a naturally occurring phenomenon. The greenhouse gas effect causes most of the Earth’s global warming. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) contribute to global warming. These greenhouse gases collect in the Earth’s atmosphere, and prevent unabsorbed infrared radiation from exiting the earth’s ozone layer. Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas contributing the most to global warming; however, carbon dioxide is also vital to sustain most plant species on Earth. Carbon dioxide can accumulate from burning coal, oil, and natural gas in power plants, automobiles, and factories. The atmospheric concentrations of carbon emissions have increased by more than 30 percent since 1950 (Lawson 10). Greenhouse gases are helpful toShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects905 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent variables that are contributing to the cause of a problem the world is currently faced with, global warming. What is global warming? Well, global warming is a rise in the Earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (which I will talk more about.) Which is when our ozone layer has a hole w hich gradually increases, and increases heat from the sun. This causes major problems such as the polar caps meltingRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1369 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming: Clearing up the Confusion to Become Part of the Solution Global warming, often confused with the term â€Å"climate change,† is a problem of worldly proportions that knows no limits, caused in large part by human actions. If it continues unchecked, its effects will be felt around the planet, from human society, to the environment, to the world economy. The purpose of this research paper is to understand the topic of global warming, its causes and effects, in order to help understandRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1325 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming is already taking place. It stopped being a prediction. The temperature at the earth’s surface has averagely increased by around 0.60 C.Both the oceans and the air are warming. It is believed that the greenhouses gases’ concentrations in the atmosphere have increased dramatically since the periods of pre-industrialization. This condition is caused by the activities of human beings most especially through the burning of fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil,Read MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects973 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming has become a massive problem throughout the world, and as the population grows so do the effects of climate change. What people do not know is that it is the leading cause of the earth’s end and might be a minor cause of death in the far future. Global warming is one of the many things that humans have caused that has no easy fix. Professors Charles Kennel, V. Ramanathan, and David G. Victor at the University of California – San Diego say that â€Å"Greenhouse gas concentrations are trendingRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1206 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is a naturally occurring phenomenon within our planet that needs to be reduced because it is affecting us in many harmful ways. It is one of the most current and widely discussed factors. It has been impacting us negatively in ways such as biodiversity and climate conditions. Several curr ent trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and significant worldwide climate changes. Over the years, scientists have conductedRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects880 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming has increased significantly since the 1800s and is becoming a significant impact in our everyday lives. It is considered one of the most challenging environmental problems that exists today. Due to global warming, temperatures on Earth are rising and it’s affecting the way people live. Many people feel concerned about this issue while others could not care less. Developing countries do not understand the impact global warming has and how they should contribute to it while developedRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1453 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Introduction A slight change in temperature may not seem that bad but a small rise in global temperature can do a lot of damage. Global warming is an increase in the earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate [11]. This report is going to discuss the many causes of global warming as well as the effects that come with it. It will also discuss ways to prevent global warming from happening. Causes of Global Warming Global warming is whatRead MoreGlobal Warming : Cause And Effect1471 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming (Cause/Effect) Jimareo Kimmons Comp I Dr. Sarthou 10/30/2015 Droughts, lengthy hot spells, heavy downpours, floods, and other extreme weather events are occurring more frequently and intensely every year. Around the world, research teams are analyzing these trends, noting the changes in temperature, rainfall, ice mass, sea level, and many other variables recorded by weather measuring devices. The trends are undeniable: the Earth is getting warmer. Polar sea iceRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects1381 Words   |  6 PagesEarth is broken, and we all had a hand in breaking it, inadvertently though it may have been, by adding an abundance of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere that contribute directly to global warming; and we continue to do so every time we start our car, turn up the heat, turn on the lights or throw away trash. Global warming is a problem, caused in large part by human activity, and as it stands, poses a monumental threat to the planet and all of its occupants; while mega polluters do not have an incentiveRead MoreGlo bal Warming: Causes and Effects1422 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Global warming has been a very contentious issue of late in regards to environmental health and safety. Many pundits and critics alike exclaim that global warming is not as prevalent as individuals claim. One such pundit is that of George Will, whose article, Dark Green Doomsdayers indicates that global warming is simply a hoax. The statistics however prove otherwise. Global warming and its effects are far reaching. Society is affected due to higher frequency of natural disasters and drought.

Google Chrome Essay Sample free essay sample

The newest browser on the market has decidedly acquired instant favouritism and is numbering! Google Chrome. launched in late 2008 has made a singular place for itself in the last 4 old ages. Chrome is a free. unfastened beginning browser developed by Google Inc. and has grasped the maximal browser use. The top participants in market such as Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Mozilla’s Firefox stand as Chrome’s rivals along with Opera and Apple Safari. My paper efforts to reply the inquiry: Will Google Chrome continue its laterality in the browser market? I’ve tried to analyse this inquiry maintaining in head Google’s launching. its recent developments and it’s work further with the assistance of constructs like market enclosure. lock-in. and cross-side web effects and so on. Google moved into the browser market late and gained instant success. If it continues on this note and steadily additions market portion for Chrome we will shortly witnes s platform enclosure in the browser market. The browser market is a two sided market comprising of developers and terminal users. The browser so should sate the browse demands of both parties involved as a high cross-side networking consequence is present here. This paper tries to measure how Google and its rivals view this issue and the stairss they take to win the race. The paper assesses the rise of a novice browser against the diminution of a more experient one. Technology is going permeant and the universe is accepting merely the best. Demands are increasing and Google’s incursion in the market to fulfill these demands is mostly conspicuous. The paper attempts to deduce the most suited decision based on the history of assorted browsers. schemes employed to stay in the market and the farther stairss taken as to which browser now will go on its laterality in the market. History of Web Browsers:Web browsers day of the month back to the mid 80’s. However. there has been a rapid growing in the use of web browsers since the mid 90’s. Web browsers today are a default constituent in computing machines as cyberspace has become a necessity instead than merely a communicating tool. Internet has become a mass medium as everyone uses it. Locations. parts. age-groups. idiom are non barriers to entree the cyberspace. A browser today has taken a far spring from what it foremost was. Browsers are no more used merely for surfing. Browsers modified themselves to the demands of people and did much more. A typical web browser today holds all private informations on a personal computing machine. bookmarks of import web sites and remembers them. shops links of every individual page opened. renders intelligence updates when configured merely one time. has in-built games. applications and assorted amusement tools. Speed and security have become of extreme im portance when it comes to accessing the cyberspace. People want a secure browser which works with quickness. The browser is become a flagship merchandise for most organisations who ride on the success of this tool and are researching more. The major browsers in the market as of now are Google Chrome. Mozilla Firefox. Microsoft Internet Explorer. Apple Safari and Opera. Netscape Sailing master: This was a proprietary web browser popular in the 1990s. It was the flagship merchandise of the Netscape Communications Corporation and for a long clip Netscape enjoyed a big browser market with regard to usage portion. although by 2002 its use had about disappeared. Netscape Navigator declined in use from 80 % in 1995 to around 18 % in 2001. Netscape Navigator was so displaced by Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and eventually was dismissed from the market scenario when Netscape Communications was bought by AOL who continued to supply support to Netscape Navigator for a brief period of clip. Microsoft Internet Explorer:The first version of Microsoft Internet Explorer made its visual aspect in 1995. Subsequent versions of Internet Explorer rose to mediocre popularity. However. Microsoft made a expansive statement in the markets when it bundled IE along with its Windows OS. A default browser. free of cost was provided to the multitudes and this turned the browser market in entire favour of Microsoft. Internet Explorer 6. released in 2001 was a browser equipped with CSS. HTML. DOM1 and a few other minor characteristics. This made IE 6 a popular browser even in usage today. After the launch of IE6. browser ascent and development came to a standstill boulder clay late 2006. Taking due advantage. Mozilla launched Firefox and acquired a considerable market portion due to characteristics like tabbed browse. IE’s market portion dropped from 71 % in 2009 to 30 % in 2012 after the launch of Google Chrome. Google Chrome: Launched in 2008. Google Chrome capitalized on simpleness and velocity and instantly won people over. Though Mozilla Firefox was steadily deriving gait at geting market portion. the package giant Microsoft was in a province of torpidity after still harnessing the browser market. Google Chrome shot up to derive maximal user portion and cyberspace traffic lifting above Internet Explorer and Firefox in merely a span of 4 old ages. By the terminal of Internet Explorer’s 9 versions. Google had 22 versions of Chrome. each with a necessary and utile update. The no-nonsense browser though open-sourced and free is equipped with 1000s of applications. yet being simple in design. Schemes:How Microsoft’s Internet Explorer took a leap forward? Netscape was the global used browser in the market and hence had the full market to it. Therefore. it enjoyed the first mover advantage. However. it was giving its web browser as a portion of the Windowss OS. MS took advantage of this fact and bundled IE with its ain OS therefore driving out Netscape out of competition. Microsoft had released Internet Explorer 1. 0 along with its Windows 95 but it was a long manner for IE to catch up with Netscape’s grosss. Microsoft released three versions of IE with speedy sequence but none of them seemed to make the fast one for Microsoft. Netscape still led the race with a humongous 80 % of market shares1. Winner takes all: Thingss nevertheless turned around for Microsoft when it decided to market IE 4 as one of the constituents of Windows. The monopoly put Microsoft much in front of Netscape in footings of user portion and gross. gratuitous to state net income border. Microsoft distributed IE for free. It was financially supported by the grosss earned by Windows! Netscape was free package for place and educational usage. However it commercialized the concern versions. Microsoft released IE as a free package for everyone therefore cutting off a important part of Netscape’s gross. Since a free browser was available. ready-at-hand in the signifier of IE. users did non happen the demand to download any other. Here. Microsoft clearly had the 2nd mover advantage when compared to Netscape. Microsoft surpassed Netscape in the twelvemonth 1998-99 and enjoyed monopoly for about a decennary. MS IE was being used widely all over the universe. Microsoft had enjoyed a positive feedback cringle wherein the shapers of web sites and content suppliers had encouraged the use of IE and the users of IE through the positive word of oral cavity ( direct effects ) encouraged other users to utilize internet adventurer. Besides as the market portion of IE improved. the web sites developers had started doing sites specifically for IE. Thus. the users so shifted their browser usage to IE. Through the benefit of indirect web effects. more users started utilizing the IE browser and therefore it captured the market from Netscape. Thus Microsoft attained about 95 % of browser market portion with no 1 for competition. Internet Explorer faces a diminution:As IE gained peak position. its updates got infrequent. IE6. for illustration was the latest version from Microsoft from 2001 boulder clay 2006. It was released as a portion of Windows XP SP1 and found few sweetenings with Windows XP SP2. However. the ferocious development seen 10 old ages ago was at a standstill. With Netscape’s unfastened sourced codification. Mozilla released Firefox 1. 0 in late 2004. One of Mozilla’s 2. 0 version’s attractive forces was its tabbed browse as opposed to the multiple IE windows one had to open while shoping multiple sites. Acerate leaf to state. the following version of IE7. released in late 2006 included tabbed browse and other characteristics already present in Firefox. Innovation was dead ; competition was apparent. Mozilla. on the other manus. on a regular basis updated Firefox and included assorted utile sweetenings to do shoping a pleasance. It grew steadily and had acquired a consider able market portion. Firefox was fast. It was secure. Most of all. Firefox was free and unfastened sourced! It was on a regular basis updated and hence free of bugs and full of ready to hand resources. Google Chrome enters into competition:Google entered the browser wars much later and faced some serious competition. Though IE lagged at its developments. Mozilla was updating Firefox with full swing and there was seemingly nil more that a novitiate browser could make to steal figures from two taking 1s. Google released Chrome in 2008 and was integrated with a faster JavaScript engine. Google besides released beta versions for MAC and Linux and gained market portion quickly. Since Microsoft had already discontinued its support for MAC users this was a fillip to Google. Chrome- Simple. secure. fast:In malice of being a deep pocket company. MS could non halt chrome from proliferating into the browser market. Google chrome with its late-mover advantage specifically checked the loopholes present in IE and other browsers such as Mozilla. Opera etc. and came up with a better secured. faster and stable web browser. Google changed the full kingdom of shoping. With organisations let go ofing browsers with multiple additions and visual aspects. Google kept Chrome simple. This worked to Google’s benefit. The full thought of being much more than a browser but still maintaining it simple appealed to the multitudes. Google capitalized on Chrome’s simpleness. security and velocity. It was advertised extravagantly on Google pages. This was one more facet that worked in Chrome’s favour. The ultimate merchandising point of Chrome was that it wasn’t merely a browser. It was â€Å"Google search† itself. No more would anyone open any other browser and first log on to www. Google. com and so hunt pages. The rubric saloon worked as Google hunt. Chrome was loaded with characteristics following every ascent. Chrome Web shop. recent apps. most visited pages are among its cardinal characteristics. However. the browser continues to be simple with merely a one button bill of fare entree which speeds it up. Multi-threaded browsers Anti-crash mechanism One simple thing Google took attention of was to see to it that if a check clangs on Chrome. it doesn’t halt the other check from continuing with their work. It brought about the construct of a multi-threaded browser. Each check in Google Chrome has its ain separate yarn. This ensures that the browser merely shuts at the user’s will and non because one of the 10 checks crashed! IE check in Chrome Chrome besides incorporated an option to open an IE check in Chrome. The IE check therefore opened had the visual aspect of Internet Explorer. This was for users who didn’t want to allow travel off their default Windows browser. Chrome made web-development simple Chrome wasn’t merely favored by users but besides developers all across the universe who wanted to host their web sites. Chrome has really simple CSS criterions to accommodate to. It follows W3C on this. HTML5 is supported good on Chrome. It doesn’t interfere with the user interfaces that a developer needs but makes it all the more simple to code. Correcting UI mistakes is every bit simple and most of all systematic on Chrome. The web developer tool in Chrome was a approval. Most significantly. UI criterions for Chrome 22 and Chrome 2. 0 were the same. A site developed in Chrome 2 would be seen precisely like that in Chrome 22. This nevertheless wasn’t true of IE. IE 6 and IE 8 rendered web sites with huge differences which wasn’t suited to net developers. Market enclosure: Chrome turns to Chrome OS Google hasn’t restricted Chrome to the browser it was. It put in attempts to convey about the development of Chrome into a fully fledged Operating System. This. if popular. might do a diminution in the market portion of Microsoft Windows. All Google Apps would come together in developing the Chrome OS. Storage on cloud. or on-line warrants security and eliminates the demand to take a backup on a regular basis. Hence. memory is neer an issue. Furthermore. netbooks holding the Chrome OS boot much faster than normal Operating systems in the market and straight boots into the browser and lets the user unfastened applications which are constitutional. This will take at taking Operating Systems to a whole new degree and online. Chrome for Android: Google released the Mobile version of Chrome for Android users and automatically got clasp of the nomadic market portion of browser users.Microsoft has made no effort whatsoever to convey forth the nomadic version of Internet Explorer in market. This would intend teaming up with Google to put the Internet Explorer on the Android platform. Most used web browser by state harmonizing to StatCounter.Google Chrome Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Safari Iron Lock in:No other browser provides the velocity. security and simpleness as Chrome does. Besides. the most visited sites option available in Chrome. the Chrome web shop. speedy nexus to bookmarks. the extra benefit of holding an IE toolbar check and automatic updates of browser makes Chrome a complete browser. It is really hard to migrate from Chrome and travel back to the already used browsers like Mozilla and IE. Thus. Chrome takes advantage of these characteristics and makes the user lock in to their browser. Cross-side web effects: Google besides created legion chances for developers across the Earth to link with the multitudes through the Chrome Web shop therefore bettering the cross side web consequence. It is observed that many applications. extensions and subjects available on chrome web shop were allowed to be downloaded merely through Google Chrome. Thus. the users who had to bask the benefits of the big figure of apps available on Chrome web shop moved to Chrome. Besides. addition in the figure of people utilizing Google Chrome benefitted the developers as they had entree to the big client base of Google Chrome and therefore a monolithic platform to showcase their accomplishments. Switch overing costs: The above characteristics mentioned make it hard for the users to exchange to other browsers since it becomes a transportation their bookmarks. the easy handiness of most visited pages. privateness scenes. and ready handiness of downloaded apps and handiness of Chrome web shop makes it hard for the users to exchange. Google Chrome automatically allows a individual mark on into all Google Apps which contain the widely used Gmail. YouTube. Picasa. Maps. Calendar and many more. The scenes saved on this browser besides sync with the Android version of Chrome and all Google apps on Android devices. This makes theodolite to any other browser a troublesome matter and consequences in personal trueness to Chrome to avoid shift costs. Decision:The market statistics clearly point to the fast lifting Chrome to be dominant in market over the following few old ages if the browser continues to being updated in the same manner as of now. Google Chrome has risen to being the largest used browser because it is free and unfastened sourced as against the proprietary Microsoft Internet Explorer. Google Chrome is besides available for download on Linux machines. Apple Mac books every bit good as Android devices unlike Microsoft Internet Explorer which discontinued support for Apple’s MacBook and hasn’t lunched a nomadic version for Android yet. This is enormously advantageous for Google to retain Chrome’s market portion. It can non be denied nevertheless. that Microsoft is still a elephantine in the package industry and has its powerful Windows OS to endorse up on. If Microsoft promotes Internet Explorer to be an unfastened beginning browser or encourage developers to lend to a Windows application shop. w hile non deducing any pecuniary additions for the following few old ages. it would still present a menace to Chrome. I believe that the browser market. therefore. will go on to be an Oligopoly with participants like Google Chrome. Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Internet Explorer deducing maximal usage portion. These organisations have really good captured the desktop and nomadic browser market and this nowadayss really rare range and legion obstructions for a new entrant to come in in this competition. Beginnings: â€Å"Lessons from the Browser Wars — HBS Working Knowledge. † HBS Working Knowledge – Faculty Research at Harvard Business School. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //hbswk. hemoglobin. edu/item/5288. hypertext markup language Brunner. Grant. â€Å"IE10 on Windows 7 benchmarked: How does it do against Google’s Chrome? | ExtremeTech. † Latest Technology News | Tech Blog | ExtremeTech. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. extremetech. com/internet/140337-ie10-on-windows-7-benchmarked-how-does-it-fare-against-google-chrome Way. Jeffrey. â€Å"Google Enters the Browser Wars with Chrome | Nettuts+ . † Webdevelopment tutorials. from novice to progress | Nettuts+ . N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //net. tutsplus. com/articles/general/google-enters-the-browser-wars-with-chrome/ 1. †Netscape Navigator – Wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia. † Wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator â€Å"History of Firefox – Wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia. † Wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Firefox â€Å"ZDNet | Technology News. Analysis. Remarks and Product Reviews for IT Professionals. † ZDNet | Technology News. Analysis. Remarks and Product Reviews for IT Professionals. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. zdnet. com/news/browser-wars-high-price-huge-rewards/128738 â€Å"Internet Explorer 7 – Wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia. † Wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012 hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7 Dignan. Larry. â€Å"Why Is Google Entering the Browser Market? – Seeking Alpha. † Stock Market News A ; Financial Analysis – Seeking Alpha. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //seekingalpha. com/article/93514-why-is-google-entering-the-browser-market â€Å"Everything You Need To Know About Chrome OS. † Gizmodo. the Gadget Guide. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //gizmodo. com/5408504/everything-you-need-to-know-about-chrome-os â€Å"Use Internet Explorer In Google Chrome With IE Tab. † Cool Websites. Software and Internet Tips. N. p. . n. d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.

Red Badge of Courage Final Essay Example

Red Badge of Courage Final Essay Kaitlin Alzapiedi Honors English 10 Mrs. Shloegl 8th Period 17 October 2010 Red Badge of Courage Final Essay Henry varies in maturity levels from the beginning of the book until the end of the book. In order for Henry to mature, he must experience fear. He witnesses death and war on a gruesome level, but he needs to do so in order to become an adult. In the beginning, Henry is immature; he thinks war is about being a hero and being glorified. He is extremely selfish, only focuses on himself, and does not show concern for what his mother says about war. He soon starts to question himself and his loyalty. He believes that he will be filled with doubt and run away like a coward. Henry’s unrealistic, romantic views on war are quickly changed in the first battle. His first battle experience was not good because his nerves took over and he panicked. He runs in fear of battle and he had to lie about his injury. He realizes his view was completely wrong and unrealistic because war is not as glorified as he once thought. He now knows that war is dreadful and you need to stay strong mentally and physically. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Badge of Courage Final specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Red Badge of Courage Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Red Badge of Courage Final specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He thought war was full of heroic soldiers that got nothing but respect from the people they are fighting for. Soon after Henry’s revelation it is stated, â€Å"He suddenly lost concern for himself, and forgot to look at a menacing fate. He became not a man but a member. He felt that something of which he was a part a regiment, an army, a cause, or a country was in crisis. † (Crane 34) This quote shows that Henry comprehended that he was a part of something bigger then himself. After he runs in fear, he meets the tattered man. He was a wounded man who tries to befriend Henry when he runs away from battle. They watch Jim Conklin die together which is Henry’s first emotional experience with death, and the stranger helps Henry through the pain. The tattered mad repeatedly asks Henry where he has been shot, suspecting his fake injury. This quote shows that Henry is still arrogant and over confident. â€Å"And, furthermore, how could they kill him who was the chosen of gods and doomed to greatness? † (Crane 81). Henry leaves the man wandering aimlessly to die alone, a fact that later disturbs Henry. He is afraid to return to camp and to lie about his fake injury, but he does anyways. He feels guilt and learns remorse, he starts to grow up and change. Henry admits to himself that he was a coward but he also knows that he has changed. Henry is now a modest and proud young man. He is willing to stay and fight for his country and he shows selfless courage. He sees the reality of war and he is concerned about others. He starts to learn that he does not need a â€Å"Red Badge of Courage† or a wound, to show his bravery. His greatest regret was how he treated the tattered man and his guilt affects him greatly. He realizes his mistake and knew it would bother him forever, â€Å"He saw his vivid error, and he was afraid that it would stand before him all his life. (Crane 142). He realizes that he made mistakes and he needs to move on, but it will be hard. He risks his life and does not think about his old idea of war and dreams of becoming a hero. Henry is a completely different and transformed person at the end of this novel. He learns so much in a few days, when it can take other people years to discover. Henry and his reactions to certain situations can teach readers what war was like for soldiers. It can teach everyone how young men react to war, the Civil War is different from the wars going on today but the perceived ideas are similar. In this age boys join the military thinking it will be like video games but in Henry’s days boys wanted to join war based on being heroes. Most men come out of war, not as heroes, but they grow up. Expectations of war will vary depending on your background knowledge of what you are fighting for. No one knows what war is like, unless you have first hand experiences. As soon as Henry gained these experiences, he had a lot more insight. Bibliography Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage. Pleasantville, NY: Readers Digest Association, 1982. Print.

History of the Milwaukee Voucher System free essay sample

An examination of the American public school system in general, focusing on the voucher system as an example of the advantages and disadvantages of this system. This paper presents a detailed exploration of the educational voucher system in Milwaukee. The writer discusses the state of American public education and the history and premise of a education voucher system. The writer then delves into the system that Milwaukee has been using for over a decade. The discussion includes history, benefits and negatives and financial aspects of such a program. The paper ends with a discussion on the future of the voucher system. The idea of a voucher system is more than two decades old but it was not put into practice for years. When it finally did become a real possibility there were many things that had to be decided before it could be tried. Wisconsin took the first step and became the first state in the nation to implement a school voucher system. We will write a custom essay sample on History of the Milwaukee Voucher System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Approximately 12 years ago Milwaukee, Wisconsin became the pioneer of the school voucher system. In the years leading to the experiment the school system had been lambasted by parents about the perceived lack of education being provided to the students that it served . For many years parents and teachers worked together to improve the system through the use of curriculum changes, teaching style changes and funding requests. Regardless of the changes and efforts that were made there was still a faction of parents who felt the system lacked what their students needed to prepare for their secondary education as well as their adult lives. It was of this discontent that the nations first school voucher system was born.

Speed-the-Plow Plot Summary and Study Guide

Speed-the-Plow Plot Summary and Study Guide Speed-the-Plow is a play written by David Mamet. It is comprised of three lengthy scenes involving the corporate dreams and strategies of Hollywood executives. The original Broadway production of Speed-the-Plow opened on May 3rd, 1988. It starred Joe Mantegna as Bobby Gould, Ron Silver as Charlie Fox, and (making her Broadway debut) pop-icon Madonna as Karen. What does the title Speed-the-Plow mean? The title is derived from a phrase in a 15th-century work-song, God speed the plough. It was a prayer for prosperity and productivity. Plot Summary of Act One: Speed-the-Plow begins with the introduction of Bobby Gould, a recently promoted Hollywood executive. Charlie Fox is a business colleague (ranking below Gould) who brings in a movie script that is connected to a hit-making director. During the first scene, the two men gush about how successful they will become, all thanks to the script option. (The screenplay is a stereotypically violent prison/action movie.) Gould makes a call to his boss. The boss is out of town but will be back the next morning and Gould guarantees that the deal will be approved and that Fox and Gould will get a producer credit. While they discuss the mutual hardships of their early days together, they also mingle with Karen, a temporary receptionist. When Karen is out of the office, Fox wagers that Gould wont be able to seduce Karen. Gould takes the challenge, offended by the idea that Karen would be attracted to his position at the studio, but incapable of loving him as a person. After Fox leaves the office, Gould encourages Karen to become more goal-oriented. He gives her a book to read and asks her to stop by his house and provide a review. The book is titled The Bridge or, Radiation and the Half-Life of Society. Gould has only glanced at it, but he already knows that it is a pretentious attempt at intellectual art, unsuitable for a movie, especially a movie at his studio. Karen agrees to meet him later in the evening, and the scene ends with Gould convinced that he will win his bet with Fox. Plot Summary of Act Two: The second act of Speed-the-Plow takes place entirely in Goulds apartment. It opens with Karen passionately reading from the Radiation book. She claims that the book is profound and important; it has changed her life and taken away all fear. Gould tries to explain how the book would fail as a film. He explains that his job is not to create art but to create a marketable product. Karen continues to persuade, however, as her conversation becomes more personal. She states that Gould does not have to be afraid anymore; he does not have to lie about his intentions. In her scene-closing monolog, Karen says: KAREN: You asked me to read the book. I read the book. Do you know what it says? It says that you were put here to make stories people need to see. To make them less afraid. It says in spite of our transgressions - that we could do something. Which would bring us alive. So that we neednt feel ashamed. By the end of her monolog, it is apparent that Gould has fallen for her, and that she spends the night with him. Plot Summary of Act Three: The final act of Speed-the-Plow returns to Goulds office. Its the morning after. Fox enters and begins to scheme about their upcoming meeting with the boss. Gould calmly states that he will not be green-lighting the prison script. Instead, he plans to make the Radiation book. Fox does not take him seriously at first, but when he finally realizes that Gould is serious, Fox becomes furious. Fox argues that Gould has gone insane and that the source of his madness is Karen. It seems that during the previous evening (before, after or during love-making) Karen has convinced Gould that the book is a beautiful work of art that must be adapted into a film. Gould believes that green-lighting the Radiation book is the right thing to do. Fox becomes so angry that he punches Gould twice. He demands that Gould tells the story of the book in one sentence, but because the book is so complex (or so convoluted) Gould is unable to explain the story. Then, when Karen enters, he demands that she answers a question: FOX: My question: you answer me frankly, as I know you will: you came to his house with the preconception, you wanted him to greenlight the book. KAREN: Yes. FOX: If he had said no, would you have gone to bed with him? When Karen admits that she would not have had sex with Gould if he did not agree to produce the book, Gould is flung into despair. He feels lost, as though everyone wants a piece of him, everyone wants to leech off of his success. When Karen tries to persuade him by saying Bob, we have a meeting, Gould realizes that she has been manipulating him. Karen doesnt even care about the book; she just wanted a chance to quickly move up the Hollywood food chain. Gould exits to his washroom, leaving Fox to promptly fire her. In fact, he does more than fire her, he threatens: You ever come on the lot again, Im going to have you killed. As she exits, he throws the Radiation book after her. When Gould re-enters the scene, he is glum. Fox tries to cheer him up, talking about the future and the movie that they will soon be producing. The last lines of the play: FOX: Well, so we learn a lesson. But we arent here to pine, Bob, we arent here to mope. What are we here to do (pause) Bob? After everything is said and done. What are we put on earth to do? GOULD: Were here to make a movie. FOX: Whose name goes above the title? GOULD: Fox and Gould. FOX: Then how bad can life be? And so, Speed-the-Plow ends with Gould realizing that most, perhaps all, people will desire him for his power. Some, like Fox, will do it openly and blatantly. Others, like Karen, will try to deceive him. Foxs final line asks Gould to look on the bright side, but since their movie products seem shallow and overtly commercial, it seems that there is little satisfaction to Goulds successful career.

Narrative Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Narrative Critical Analysis - Essay Example Patricia Hampl has done a brilliant job in explaining how memoir is a picture of reality and imagination and hence, an attempt by a writer to find his hidden ‘self’. Through her essay, Hampl proves that a memoir is not just a life story but also a medium of self discovery as it helps the writer not only in understanding the hidden self, but also in harmonizing the images and emotions stored in the memory, and in attaining the most desired inner peace. Analysis From my experience of writing a memory narrative, I have learnt that the event in the past reveals a lot more than what I have thought it to be. It has made me realize that events that leave an emotional impact on us are the ones that leave more impact on the memory. It has shown me that most of the times, it is not the event but the interpretations we make about them that makes it more or less important. Also, one single event can be seen differently by different people as they see it through their own personal an gle. This fact has been explored in a clear manner in the essay ‘Memory and Imagination,’ by Patricia Hampl. Memoir is an account of true events in life and hence, it is not fiction. Fiction is completely imaginative while memoir is real life story told by people. However, according to Hampl, memoir also has touch of imagination to it. Hence, it has shades of fiction. This is the reason Hampl also says that the first draft of the memoir is important. Hampl says that the first draft is like a fresh look and revelation of the truth. It is written without the barriers of the conscious mind and hence, has a deep meaning to it. The first draft is the real thing as it is not written with careful observation or restrain. When the writing flows without any carefulness, then it brings the hidden feelings, interpretations and emotions of the writer. This brings the deep hidden emotions and thoughts to the surface. This helps the writer in discovering his own self which is usually hidden in the unconscious mind. Hence, Hampl also says that if the first draft is written with careful attitude, then it is a failure. By this she means that carefully written first draft does not bring the hidden feelings in the unconscious and fails to help the writer discover his own self. Hence, Hampl also says that heart is the boss of writing. According to Hampl, the conscious and rational mind takes a back seat while writing. Memoir is written with the aid of memories of past. However, memory is not static or frozen aspects of life. They are molded into shapes and colors which are added to it through person’s eyes and mental opinion. When a person writes, his intuition, his wishes and his dreams are fulfilled. The memoir is written without the pressure of being completely truthful. Hence, a writer tries to fulfill his unfulfilled wishes and desires in the past by showing them as fulfilled in his memoir. Moreover, when a person writes a memoir, his rational mind is ove rpowered by his irrational and imaginative mind. Moreover, the fears, disappointments, weaknesses and sadness, which is guarded by the rational mind, are given an outlet through the memoir. This shows that the mind loses its grip on a writer when he is writing and his heart takes the control. Hence, Hampl says that heart is the boss when writing. Hampl is right when she says that heart is the boss of writing. I have experienced that when I am writing about my life, I tend to be more open, unburdened and relaxed about my experiences and descriptions.

Research week10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research week10 - Essay Example I have chosen the very same mixed research method to conduct my study while involves dealing with a similar participant base and challenges. Assignment 3 A brief (1–3 sentences) description of your area of interest, and the mixed methods approach you proposed in Discussion 1: Mixed Methods Strategies. Then explain how the mixed methods approach you proposed could eliminate the weakness inherent in using only one of the primary approaches. Also identify and describe the weaknesses in the mixed methods approach you proposed. My area of interest is that of criminology, the study of the nature, extent, causes and control of criminal behavior in an individual as well as a society. To narrow down my area of interest into a specific branch of criminology I have picked the topic of juvenile crime and delinquency which analyses the acts committed against the law by underage individuals. The mixed method research design that suits research into my area of interest is sequential explanat ory strategy. Similar to sequential explanatory strategy, it is conducted in two phases. However this strategy is characterized by the collection and analysis of qualitative data followed by the collection and analysis of quantitative data. ... r strengths and their weaknesses form a crucial part in contributing to the overall research; so quantitative research’s key weakness is the possibility that due to to the focus on hypothesis testing and not generation, the overall objective of the study might not be fulfilled. Also the generalizability of the study might be limited to certain areas, situations or individuals (Knowledge base). This is where the sequential explanatory strategy comes in as it will incorporate both qualitative and quantitative methods. Key challenges of this approach can be the time factor required to gathering the data and analyzing both the quantitative and qualitative data since incorporating both is crucial to the research design. (Creswell, 2009). References: Creswell, J. (2009). Research design. Thousand Oaks, CA; Sage.   Knowledge base. Retrieved from: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/datatype.php Assignment 4 During my research I came across an article about Buck et al on ‘ Profiles of Urban, Low SES, African American Girls’ Attitudes Toward Science’. Since my own and the writer’s chosen method to conduct the research was that of sequential explanatory strategy. The purpose of his study was to increase the education community’s understanding of the experiences and needs of girls that are discriminated on basis of gender, race and socioeconomic status in a manner that has left their needs largely invisible. The researchers followed a sequential explanatory strategy, in which they used two data collection phases, qualitative followed by quantitative, to investigate 89 African-American girls’ personal orientations towards learning. The mixed method analysis provided four personality orientations which linked academic success and experiences with confidence and

Project Study 01 - Personal Objective Strategy Con't Statement

Project Study 01 - Objective Strategy Con't - Personal Statement Example Other weighty considerations in a dreaming well plan include ones specific synergies with their target organisation and their critical success and risk factors, whose analysis Gentle (108) argues is of utmost importance. Besides personal analysis, my dreaming well plan accommodates my primary target firm Nestle, where I realise particular interest in environmental sustainability (Nestle Sustainability Review 1-5) which bodes well with my strengths; hence strong specific synergies. All of these factors for the establishment of dreaming well plan do not have to be taken into consideration as prioritising can help to settle down on the strategic options for a dreaming well plan based on the most effective factors. Simerson (89) argues that it is absolutely necessary to gather and analyse everything about your dream, from personal stock taking to the opportunities available externally. Based on this, my career strategy plan can include research tasks into my career goals, SWOT, UPPs, specific synergies, critical success factors and personal risk factors. Research tasks into my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats will help me know my career potential. Basing research on my UPPs will help me realise my selling points, while establishing my specific synergy will provide me with insight into how I fit into my preferred career. Research tasks focused on my critical success factors and risk factors can help determine where to position myself and what to avoid in my career path. The stakeholders in the first SO (focussing on my career goal, undertaking a SWOT analysis and considering my UPPs) are personal belief in the selected SO and the targeted client, hence I give it a score of 2. It also gets a 2 in terms of systems since it only involves motivations and achievement. Financially, it gets a 3 in terms of its low costs, income and ROI. (Total score=7). Focusing

Crew Pairing And Rostering Aviation Essay

Crew Pairing And Rostering Aviation Essay The award scheme below is loosely based on CASA regulations as regulations for the Asia and Thailand region could not be located. This award scheme takes into account Federal regulations and union negotiated contracts. A pilot may not fly and cannot be rostered when the pilot has exceeded: 38 working hours per any 7 consecutive days 100 working hours in any 28 consecutive days 900 working hours in any 364 consecutive days 11 working hours on a roster 8 hours flight time on a roster Be signed on more than once in a working day An employee (excluding pilot) may not serve work and cannot be rostered when they have exceeded: 59 working hours per any 7 consecutive days 155 working hours in any 28 consecutive days 1,400 working hours in any 364 consecutive days 11 working hours on a roster Periods free of duty: Pilot is allowed at least one weekend off in each calendar month Normally the pilot is rostered for 5 days on consecutive duty and 2 days free of duty. By mutual agreement deferral of one free of duty day can be arranged with the free of duty day taken within 30 days. Separation of free of duty days can be undertaken with mutual consent. If pilot is away from home base then deferral of free of duty days can be taken, however to be effective immediately upon return to home base. A pilot cannot be rostered after 2200 the day before free of duty is issued. If a pilot has worked after this time due to delays the pay rate will double. Similarly a pilot cannot be rostered before 0600 the day after free of duty has been issued. A pilot will have a rest time after being on duty of 9 consecutive hours embracing 2200 to 0600 local time OR 10 consecutive hours. If duty time has exceeded 11 hours due to delays the pilot will receive a rest period of 9 consecutive hours between 2200-0600 plus an hour for each 15 minutes over 11 hours OR 10 consecutive hours plus an hour for each 15 minutes over 11 hours. If duty time has exceeded 12 hours due to delays then the pilot shall receive a 24 hour rest period. Rostering: A pilots rosters must be compiled before 7 days of the roster period and cover a minimum 14 day period. Break: A pilot will be allowed a 30 minute break within 5 working hours. Leave: An employee is entitled to 42 days of annual leave which may be split over two sections within a calendar year. Work related injury or illness will have a maximum of 52 weeks absence from work fully paid if proof is found that firm is at fault. Sickness or injury occurring outside of work will have a paid leave of a maximum 10 days within a calendar year. Pay Rates 1:50 cabin crew ratio for 36-216 seats 1:36 Over 216 seats, 1 cabin crew member per each exit B787-9 8 exits Resource Planning Flight Crew Normal 28 Day Roster 18 days flying 1 day training 1 day reserve 8 days duty free Cabin Crew Normal 28 Day Roster 19 days flying 1 day training 8 days duty free Flight Crew There are 13 roster periods within a year (28 days) Non working days are 42(annual leave) + 10(sick leave) = 52 days per annum Therefore approximately 1.86 off duty periods per annum 900 working hours per annum max à · 11.14 working periods per annum = 80.77 working hours per period -80/10/13 80.77 working hours per period à · 19 flying days per period = 4.25 hours per day Therefore we must utilise our aircrew an average of 4.25 hours per each flying day to achieve maximum utilisation of 900 working hours within 364 consecutive days, the regulation limit. Cabin Crew There are 13 roster periods within a year (28 days) Non working days are 42(annual leave) + 10(sick leave) = 52 days per annum Therefore approximately 1.86 off duty periods per annum 1,400 working hours per annum max à · 11.14 working periods per annum = 125.67 working hours per period 125.67 working hours per period à · 20 flying days per period = 6.28 hours per day Hence to gain maximum utilisation out of our cabin crew respective to the 1,400 hours working limit per 364 consecutive days, the cabin crew would need to work approximately 6.28 hours per day. Pattern Planning Objective: Minimise the number of crew that have to work each day hence flying the current crew as many block hours as possible. This allows for high utilisation of crew leading to a decrease in the amount of crew needed. Crew staying over at DXB instead of BOM in case of delays BKK-DXB-BOM crew would go overtime. Duty time of BKK-DXB-BOM = 10:38 flight time = 7:53. Aurora Air has decided on changing the aircraft schedule to try and implement a very high utilisation of flight crew, however this ended up not working due to the constraints of maximum flight hours allowed at any one time. Pattern 01 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 0500 Day 1 BKK/TLV 0600/0946 7:46 Blk Day 1 Sign Off 1006 9:16 Dty Overnight: Tel Aviv Day 2 Sign On 1001 Day 2 TLV/BKK 1101/2247 7:46 Blk Day 2 Sign Off 2317 9:16 Dty Pattern 02 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 0700 Day 1 BKK/DXB 0800/1033 5:33 Blk Day 1 Sign Off 1103 7:03 Dty Overnight: Dubai Day 2 Sign On 1048 Day 2 DXB/BOM 1148/1538 2:20 Blk Day 2 BOM/BKK 1653/2155 3:32 Blk Day 2 Sign Off 2225 5:52 Blk 8:37 Dty Pattern 03 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 0730 Day 1 BKK/NRT 0830/1546 5:16 Blk Day 1 Sign Off 1616 6:46 Dty Overnight: Tokyo Day 2 Sign On 1601 Day 2 NRT/KIX 1701/1748 0:47 Blk Day 2 KIX/BKK 1833/2118 4:45 Blk Day 2 Sign Off 2148 5:32 Blk 7:47 Dty Pattern 04 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 0530 Day 1 BKK/PVG 0630/1052 Blk 3:22 Day 1 PVG/BKK 1207/1429 Blk 3:22 Day 1 Sign Off 1459 Blk 6:44 9:29 Dty Pattern 05 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 1444 Day 1 BKK/TPE 1544/1940 Blk 2:56 Day 1 TPE/BKK 2055/2251 Blk 2:56 Day 1 Sign Off 2321 Blk 5:52 8:37 Dty Pattern 06 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 1654 Day 1 BKK/HKG 1754/2058 Blk 2:04 Day 1 HKG/BKK 2213/2317 Blk 2:04 Day 1 Sign Off 2347 Blk 4:08 6:53 Dty Pattern 07 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 0600 Day 1 BKK/ICN 0700/1312 Blk 4:12 Day 1 Sign Off 1342 5:42 Dty Overnight: Seoul Day 2 Sign On 1327 Day 2 ICN/BKK 1427/1639 Blk 4:12 Day 2 Sign Off 1709 5:42 Dty Pattern 08 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 1638 Day 1 BKK/SIN 1738/2024 Blk 1:46 Day 1 SIN/BKK 2139/2225 Blk 1:46 Day 1 Sign Off 2255 Blk 3:32 6:17 Dty Pattern 09 (Base: BKK) Day 1 Sign On 0630 Day 1 BKK/PEK 0730/1219 Blk 3:49 Day 1 PEK/BKK 1334/1623 Blk 3:49 Day 1 Sign Off 1653 Blk 7:38 10:23 Dty Change due to 0600 constraint being included Constraints: Pattern 01 04 cannot have an OFF day preceding them 8 OFF days per roster period OFF days must be in pairs 1 Training day per roster period 1 Reserve day per roster period No reserve days overlap between each fleet type Each pattern flown only once each day An unscheduled day must follow a reserve day Crew Rostering Aurora Air has regarded that using the fair share system in which the airline will assign the crew their flying duties in a fair manner taking into account periods of duty free time, hours already flown, etc (Cybula, 2006). In addition crew rostering will take into account the legal limitations of all employees within our region of Thailand and Asia. We have decided to take this approach as we are a starting up airline and it is assumed that pilots apart from the chief pilot will have similar flying hours. All unscheduled days are assumed to be standby days in which the flight crew can be allocated to a flight within a short period of time. Priority will be given to reserve crew who will be stationed at the airport assisting with operations of flights and will be used first to cover any shortages in staff. However if a further shortage of flight crews is realised then any flight crew on standby can be called into duty. Both reserve crew and standby crew are to go without pay however reserve crew must be at the airport in full uniform. Reserve crew will be given meals at expense to the airline. Crews who are rostered as Reserve Ltd are limited in their ability as they cannot take over a flight pattern for more than one day as it will interrupt the normal schedule. Hence these days which only have reserve limited crew are much more susceptible to delays for the next coming day as the pilot may not be where they are normally rostered. Flight crew using wide body jets are paid significantly more than narrow body jet due to the long haul nature. Because of this long haul there is less availability to fly more routes and hence the crew wage is a multiple. The flight crew is also paid by block hours rather than duty hours and once again if crew is to stay overnight the current wage already includes a multiple that takes this into consideration. Accommodation is provided for flight and cabin crew at the airlines expense. Cabin crew will be rostered separately to the flight crew due to their own set of regulation circumstances which is not included in this report.

Sir Gawain - An Ideal Symbol of Chivalry Essay -- Sir Gawain and the G

Sir Gawain - An Ideal Symbol of Chivalry The chivalric code is a very complex, and perhaps somewhat foreign concept to a modern person. There are many rules and taboos that a knight must obey. Indeed, the very concepts of honor, love, and humility have been raised to the highest conceivable power, making it almost impossible for a mortal to become a true, perfect knight. Sir Gawain, in the passage [Norton, 1535-1622] of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, proves himself to be an ideal symbol of chivalry. One of the symbols of knighthood is a lady of knight's heart; knight's behavior with ladies is important in general, and Sir Gawain behaves as a true knight with the hostess of the castle. Another important side of being a knight includes the skill of carving an animal, and that is also described in the passage. One aspect of being a knight is choosing a lady of his heart. The knight is supposed to perform noble tasks in her honor, thus glorifying her name. Love is knight's inspiration for all of his actions, and when he thinks he has done enough glorious deeds, he comes back to his lady. If his lady is kind enough, she will marry him, unless she is already married. In the passage, the host's wife tries to seduce Sir Gawain. However, she is not the lady of his dreams, and since Sir Gawain follows the principle -- "to remember a knight is to reflect goodness in everything he does, for that is what makes a knight honorable, " he politely turns her offer down. It is possible that Sir Gawain refuses hostess' charms because he is afraid of her husband; however, with the whole story evolving around Sir Gawain's nobility, it is highly unlikely that this is a reason for him. Sir Gawain does this in a way that does not make the ... ... are riveting in their strict observance. The chivalric code is full of rules for the knight's conduct in any situation, one example of which is hunting and carving animals. There is, however, one central idea that every knight is a servant; a knight is the one who does only good in the name of love and never brings dishonor to anyone. In this second test, Sir Gawain proves to be a true knight when he is tempted by the hostess of the Green Castle. So far nothing can turn him from his path, for he is a true knight. SOURCES Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H.Abrams, et.al. Volume 1. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993. 200-254. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Ed. J.R.R.Tolkien, E.V. Gordon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1967. Online. Internet. Available HTTP: http://www.hti.umich.edu/english/mideng/index.html

Laws of Life

People are afraid of death but I think life it’s self is so much scarier because you do not know what life will bring you and sometimes it will not be easy. You see I am not really sure what I want to do with my life and it scares me. It scares me that I might mess up my whole life because I do not know what I want to do but I do know one thing I want to do in my life. The only thing I do know is that I want to be a great person. Loyal, kind, and adventurous, that’s what I want to be and know for when I am gone. Loyalty gives you something to stand for, something to fight for. Being loyal is sticking with your words and promises. I try my best to be loyal, when my friends tell me secrets I keep them, when something happens in the family that other people should not know I do not tell them. Also, being loyal shows that you care about something and you want to keep its trust. Not telling someone’s secrets is not the only way to be loyal; you can be loyal to your country by supporting it. The most important way to be loyal is to be loyal to god by showing that you are very grateful for what he has given you. â€Å"Treat everyone with politeness, even those who are rude to you – not because they are nice, but because you are† This saying showed me that just because people are mean to you does not mean you should be mean back. Being kind shows that you have generosity and courage. Generosity is by spending time, money, or labor, for others, without being rewarded in return, but you do get rewarded with the feeling of happiness that you did something for the ones in need. Courage is when your go out on the limb for someone else and their might be risks. For example, your friends are being mean and calling a kid names and you stick up for them; even with the risk of losing your friends because you know you’re doing the right thing. Which makes being kind is a great quality to have. There are so many doors to be opened, and I'm not afraid to look behind them. † This saying showed me that I want to be someone who embraces life; who wants to be on a long journey but has no particular plan or destination in mind. An adventurous woman, open to the concept of living life in the moment. I want to try new things and face my fears; if there is an opportunity to climb a mountain, or to go sky diving, or some adventurous activity, I will always be happy to do it. I always want to be known for this because I want to be adventurous, spontaneous and crazy. Loyal, kind and adventurous are three quality’s that define me. If I am brought up in a conversation, I hope their saying that I am nice or trust worthy. Loyal is being trust worthy, kind is being generous, and adventurous is being open. These three qualities are different but they are all great to have and be known for. I will always try my best to be the greatest person that I can be in my lifetime.

The ghost of Christmas present Essays

The ghost of Christmas present Essays The ghost of Christmas present Paper The ghost of Christmas present Paper Essay Topic: A Christmas Carol In Stave 3, which presents the second of the three spirits, The ghost of Christmas present, Scrooge tells the spirit that he has learnt from the last ghost. I went forth last night on compulsion and I learnt a lesson. Scrooge wants to be taught from this ghost as well. He wants to change his ways. Tonight if you ought to reach me, let me profit by it. Scrooge wants to learn and he shows signs that he wants to change. Notably in this stave, Scrooge questions the spirit about the health of tiny Tim. Scrooge asks the spirit this question with an interest he had never felt before. The reply to Scrooge is negative and Scrooge pleads to the ghost to spare his life. He feels that he does not pay Bob Cratchit enough money. The spirit uses Scrooges words If he be like to die he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. This suggests that tiny Tim will soon die. Scrooge is then overcome with penitence and grief. Dickens then presents a poor familys Christmas to his readers. The Cratchit family do not have a lot, but what they do have they make the most of. The food they have at the table for Christmas dinner is not nearly enough to feed them all properly. The goose was cheap, which indicates it was small. Mrs Cratchit is wearing a twice turned gown but brave in ribbons which are cheap. All these are examples of how poor the Cratchits are, but they are generous and loving to each other and Bob Cratchit even tries to thank his harsh employer for the holiday in a toast to Mr Scrooge. Scrooge has been visited by two of the three spirits now. The reader senses that he has learnt a lot and his personality is beginning to change for good. Stave 4 The final spirit the ghost of Christmas yet to come appears in stave 4. He is described as a phantom and was shrouded in a deep black garment, much like the Grim Reaper. The atmosphere in this stave is extremely dark, especially at the beginning. The ghost is also mysterious and unlike the other ghosts. This one doesnt speak which adds mystery. Also much like Scrooge, it spreads coldness. This spirit is dark in contrast to the first two, who were bright. We sense that Scrooge is on the road to repentance, but he has not yet transformed himself. Scrooge wants to know if he can change his future, or whether he has already made the chains he will carry in his afterlife. Some businessmen talk about Scrooges death for a short time with no real care. They soon change the subject. This shows that nobody cares if Scrooge is alive or dead. Dickens makes it clear that it is Scrooges death they are discussing, but until the end of the stave, Scrooge is shown as not realising that he is witnessing the events after his own death. Later, the spirit shows Scrooge that people were stealing his belongings while he was lying on his bed, dead. One woman stole his best shirt when he was lying dead and another stole his curtains. When they sell these items Scrooges reactions show how much he is affected. The spirit then takes Scrooge to a dead body and a graveyard. Scrooge is then faced with his dead body and his gravestone. Scrooge takes to this very badly and starts to plead with the ghost, I am not the man I was. I will not be the man I must have been but for this intercourse. Why show me this if I am past all hope? This shows that Scrooges personality has changed a lot and is continuing to change. He knows he must keep this personality or he will die with a chain. I will not shut out the lessons they teach. He will not forget what the spirits have taught him. Stave 5 starts with Scrooge waking up in his bed. He is very jolly and merry. He then opens his window and cries out to the world, A merry Christmas to everybody! A happy new year to all the world! This is a big contrast compared with stave 1 where Scrooges nephew says Merry Christmas to him and Scrooge replied bah humbug. This shows a complete change in Scrooges personality. Scrooge starts his new ways by buying the biggest turkey he can and sending it to Bob Cratchit and his family. This is a big change from when Scrooge argued with Bob about having a day off on Christmas day. The boy who Scrooge asked to buy the turkey for him was the carol singer that came to Scrooges door in stave 1 and Scrooge scared him off with a ruler, but in stave 5 he gave the boy at least a shilling extra to keep. Later that day he met the portly gentlemen who asked him for a donation to charity in stave 1. This time Scrooge gave them a very generous donation. This shows that Scrooges happiness isnt based on wealth anymore and he is much more sharing and giving. Scrooge then remembers his nephews invitation for Christmas dinner. He is quite nervous, which is a feeling that we havent seen Scrooge have before. He then had to pluck up his courage to go and knock on the door. He went into the room where Fred was and asked permission to come in. Fred jumped up and shook his hand. This shows that even the worst person can be forgiven. Scrooge is at home in a matter of minutes. This is a remarkable change in Scrooge he now appreciates Christmas. The next morning Scrooge is working and Bob Cratchit comes in late. Scrooge growls, hallo Bob then starts apologising. Scrooge then makes it seem like he is going to fire Bob but instead he raises his salary. This also shows that Scrooges happiness doesnt revolve around wealth anymore. It also says in the book that tiny Tim did not die and Scrooge became a second father to him. Scrooge helps other people and charities. He talks to people in the street and becomes a cheerful man. This is a change from stave 1 where people avoided him in the street and even a blind mans dog stayed away from him. Conclusion In conclusion, the novel carries a powerful message both to Dickenss original Victorian readers and to us today. It shows us that Christmas is not just about opening presents, but is about being with family and friends who love us and having a jolly time with them. Whereas today people only seem to worry about what they get for Christmas. Perhaps Dickens A Christmas Carol still has a valuable message for us all. It is about our responsibility towards those who are less fortunate. Dickens wanted Victorian society to be transformed not just his character Scrooge. There is a clear resemblance between the deformed children ignorance and want and the starving children we see in ages of today. Overall this novel clearly has relevance to todays society

Modernity and the Holocaust essays

Modernity and the Holocaust essays Q1. In Modernity and the Holocaust by Zygmunt Bauman, he introduces the concept of morality, based on the tragic history of the Holocaust. Morality can best be defined as the quality of an action which renders it good; the conformity of an act to the accepted standard of right (Dictionary.com). He goes on to explain his interest in modern civilization and he questions, what kind of society is this that morality does not exist? Bauman chose to elaborate on the Holocaust; he felt that this matter is inarguable. He elaborates on the fact that the 12 million people that were killed in the Holocaust were innocent. Six million of these were Jewish, the rest were Gypsy and anyone who was known to be homosexual, mentally disturbed or political enemies of the state. They were all killed, however none of these individuals fit the role of a criminal. These people were targeted because they were not considered pure blood; they were not of the Ariant race. Bauman stresses the fact that in order for all of this to have occurred, there had to be a strong organization. So strong that the people that participated in this massacre followed orders and did as they were told. These people that did not realize the immoral act that they were committing. This is exactly what Bauman questions, the fact that how can people loose all moral responsibility during work? In todays society, people partake in jobs that require specific responsibilities, no moral leeway. These types of jobs are evident in all of society. Based upon my knowledge of how people work, I have chosen a job that causes suffering to others although the people who work at that job do not recognize their cruelty. This job is laboratory scientists/animal testers. This job ends up producing cruel consequences, in that it tests on innocent animals for the sake of research. As an animal activist one can assure that not only is this job cruel, but also i ...

Symbolic meaning creation is central for the management and Essay

Symbolic meaning creation is central for the management and consumption of brands - Essay Example products and goods started to emerge during 1950s and it essentially tried to embody the notion of buying things not based on what they do but what they actually mean to the consumer. This aspect of products and relative tendency of consumers to assign meanings to the different products therefore suggest some very interesting challenges for the overall brand management and how brand managers can create and sustain such symbolic meanings for their brands. This line of thinking therefore suggests that marketing systems are conceptualized as the culture production systems also because of their ability to create symbolic and cultural meanings for the goods and services. Issues like conspicuous consumption therefore come within the domain of how the marketing systems can be utilized as the meaning creation systems too with emphasis on the meaning creation by symbols. (Wattanasuwan, 2005) It is generally believed that the contemporary society is the society which is based upon consumerism. Different social arrangements within this society therefore crafted around the way different individuals in society consume. Consumption therefore is considered as the central to the different central practices in any given contemporary society. Thus the products which are consumed by individuals and the services enjoyed by the individuals just refer to the ways individuals associate themselves with different groups in a society. It is also argued that the consumers therefore not only consume the products and services but also the associated images with these products and services also. From the social perspective, it is therefore believed that in a fast paced society there is a greater need for having an individual meaning for the consumers also therefore consumers tends to associate themselves with different products and services and images attached to these products. Thus the overall concept is based upon the individual urge to have the sense of meanings to the self therefore

Assess the extent to which it would be beneficial for Norway to join Essay

Assess the extent to which it would be beneficial for Norway to join the European Union - Essay Example In fact, Norway has close political and economic ties with the EU (regjeringen, 2011). For instance, according to regjeringen (2011), Norway and the EU are members of the European Economic Area (EEA, signed in 1994). Moreover, the EEA agreement regulates the relationship between Norway and EU (regjeringen, 2011). In addition, Norway and the European Union signed Schengen agreement and they are partners in the Iceland and Liechtenstein (regjeringen, 2011). The foundations of Norway-EU trade relations were led by the EFTA (European Free Trade Association), which was established in 1960 (regjeringen, 2011). The EU in collaboration with Norway participate in the fields of justice and home affairs, climatic changes, foreign policies, research policies and in regulation of energy consumption (regjeringen, 2011). Increase in cooperation of Norway with European Union dramatically affects more aspects of both Norwegian and the EU community and economy (regjeringen, 2011). Norway is a major su pplier of natural gas supplying up to 24% of the total gas imports, (regjeringen, 2011). Norway has contributed to the EU budget â‚ ¬ 230 million in 2010 (regjeringen, 2011). In addition, according to regjeringen (2011), the overall amount of Norway’s export to the EU is 80.7%. In order to understand the importance of the EU for Norway, one should not only look at the EEA Agreement, but analyze the entire structure of agreements. For example, the Schengen Agreement or the many other agreements between Norway and the EU that concern Justice, Security policy, fisheries and agriculture (regjeringen, 2012). On the other hand, Norway persistent refrains from joining the EU for various reasons, even though accession to the EU would bring new insights and new opportunities for Norway across diverse areas. Ladegaard (2012) states that, accordingly to

Politics course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Politics course work - Essay Example The main principles of the cabinet government are as follows. The monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) has the power to appoint or dismiss any ministers to the government, although this is usually done ‘on the advice of the Prime Minister’ (Heyward, 2008, p20), meaning that the monarch has very little political influence. When these changes are made, this is referred to as a reshuffle, something which generally happens on a yearly basis. The cabinet are generally chosen from the current Prime Minister’s own political party, with the shadow cabinet – those who hold a corresponding role to those in the cabinet – being formed of the official opposition (the largest non-Governmental party, currently the Labour Party) (Heyward, 2008, p17). The various titles and duties held by the members of the cabinet (and the corresponding shadow cabinet) change depending on the demands of the UK population and the views of the currently elected premier. The currently appointe d cabinet government have weekly meetings to discuss potential and actual policy changes. These weekly meetings have ensured that the Institute of Government see the cabinet government as having a reduced capacity as a decision-making body (Blick & Jones, 2010, p97) due to their infrequency and short length. Despite this, however, it is the cabinet that makes policy decisions and thus hold all responsibility for these decisions. The various ministers and secretaries within the cabinet must exhibit public support for the decisions made for the government and all policy choices must be made collectively. In practise, many decisions can be and are delegated to the sub-committees of the cabinet, such as education, who carry out all research, present findings and seriously influence the final choice of the governmental cabinet (Heyward, 2008, p14). As previously mentioned, the cabinet is generally chosen from members of the current Governmental party, such as the Labour Party under Tony Blair (Kavanagh et al., 2006, pp32-34). The current Governmental party is chosen using the first-past-the-post system – the party with the most seats gains power, despite how many votes they may have in total. This system requires that the winning party holds at least 326 seats in Parliament to hold a majority, or else a hung parliament will occur. In the event of a hung parliament, it is necessary to create a coalition government of two or more political parties so that the total number of seats held by these parties totals at least 326. In the case of the 2010 elections, the Conservative Party won 306 seats and formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats, who won 57 seats, giving a total of 363 seats. The shadow cabinet is thus formed from members of the Labour Party, who hold a total number of 258 seats (BBC News, 2010). The creation of this coalition government means that the current cabinet is formed from members of both the Conservatives and the Lib Dems. There are 18 cabinet ministers or secretaries from the Conservative Party and 5 from the Liberal Democrats (BBC News, 2010). This ratio must be maintained throughout Cameron’s premiership – if a Liberal Democrat leaves cabinet, another must be appointed in their place (Daily Telegraph, 2010). The traditional role of Prime Minister has also been affected – David Cameron currently holds the office, but Nick

Instructional strategies for ELL classrooms Essay Example for Free

Instructional strategies for ELL classrooms Essay Second language acquisition is different from learning one’s first language. Second language learners have different instructional needs. As such teachers of English Language Learners (ELLs) must apply a distinct set of instructional strategies and techniques in order to aid students in their English language learning. A clear understanding of the instructional strategies that must be used in ELL classroom requires an analysis of the concept of second language acquisition. In order to be effective, teachers must consider the theory of second language acquisition and see to it that the principles of this theory are realized in his instruction. Stephen Krashen’s theory of Second Language Acquisition provides hypotheses as to how learners learn a second language. One of such hypotheses is the Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis. The hypothesis stated that there are two independent systems at work in second language performance, the acquired system and the learned system. According to Krashen (1988), the acquired system or acquisition is produced by a subconscious process. This process is very similar to a process that the learner underwent when he learned his first language. This system requires the learner to be immersed in the target language. He must have meaningful interaction in the said language. According to Schutz (2007) the learner must engage in natural communication, â€Å"In which speakers are concentrated not in the form of their utterances, but in the communicative act. † The second system, the learned system is produced by formal instruction. Schutz (2007) states, â€Å"It comprises a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge about the language, for example knowledge of grammar rules. † This hypothesis tells language teachers to ensure that the learner engages himself in the target language in a natural way. This requires communicative elements of instruction from the teacher. At the same time, the teacher must ensure that formal instruction is provided as well. It is this combination that enhances English language learning. The principles of this theory are reflected in the instructional strategies that have been developed for second language learning. Instructional practices that aim to make content more comprehensible for ELLs are called sheltered instruction. (Wallace, 2004) One model of sheltered instruction is called the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP). The SIOP provides teachers with a lesson planning checklist. It contains thirty components that guide the teacher on how to go about the lesson. The SIOP is highly effective for it is based on research and has been field-tested. More importantly, the SIOP was not tailor made for any particular proficiency level or age group of English language learners. According to Wallace (2004), â€Å"The thirty components of the SIOP lesson-planning checklist can be used with any curriculum or program, for students at any age or level of English proficiency. Experienced teachers recognize the SIOP components as effective teaching strategies for all students. † The SIOP has several components that aid English language teaching. One of this is comprehensible input. This component requires instructors to speak in a way that will meet the learners’ proficiency level. Also, the teacher must explain clearly the tasks involved. This involves a step-by-step discussion of the task. Visuals can also help the teacher explain better the task. Finally, Haynes (n. d) states that comprehensible input requires teachers to, â€Å"Use of a variety of techniques to make content concepts clear. † The use of modeling, hands-on materials, demonstrations, and gestures are some of the techniques that a teacher can utilize in order to make the concepts clearer and more understandable for the students. The SIOP model also emphasizes the concept of building on the students’ backgrounds. What this means is that the teacher must attempt to link the concepts being taught to students’ experiences. Also, the teacher must try to relate the new concepts to what the students have learned previously. The clear explanation of key vocabulary must also be made. The teacher must pinpoint the key terms that are vital to the students’ understanding of the most important concepts in the lesson. The explanations must be simple and demonstrations of the contextual use of the terms must be made. Using synonyms and cognates are also useful ways to convey the contextual meaning of the terms. Building vocabulary is essential in language teaching. According to Echevarria et al (2004), â€Å"There is a strong correlation between vocabulary knowledge and student achievement. † There are several strategies that a teacher can employ to help students build their vocabulary. Vocabulary self-selection is one of these strategies. This strategy requires students to select on their own the vocabulary that they deem as essential to their understanding of the concepts of the lesson. This strategy allows students to choose the most appropriate key vocabulary. This strategy is highly effective for more advanced learners. For children, one way to build vocabulary is through the use of songs. Visuals can also aid vocabulary development. The concept definition map is one visual that provides a means by which complex concepts can be discussed and clarified. Another important component of the SIOP is grouping. Peer instruction is highly effective. However, the teacher must ensure that he varies grouping structures. According to Echevarria et al (2004), â€Å"Effective classes are characterized by a variety of grouping structures. † Furthermore, in one day, at least two grouping structures must be utilized. (Echevarria et al, 2004) Varying grouping structures from day to day must be made for in order to keep students interested and to increase student involvement. Grouping configurations must be varied not only based on the structure but also based on the characteristics of students. The groups must be heterogeneous in the sense that students in a group vary in terms of gender, language proficiency, and ability. This brings up the next valuable component of the SIOP model, student engagement. Students must be constantly engaged throughout the lesson. The students must remain active all throughout the lesson. The teacher must ensure that he talks far less than the students. Engaging the students can mean utilizing various activities. Grouping students, as earlier mentioned, increases student involvement. The teacher must provide various opportunities for the students to apply what they are being taught. The must be involved in constant interaction either with their peers or with the teacher. When delivering the lesson, the teacher must see to it that students get to practice all the language skills, speaking, writing, listening, and reading. According to Bilingual and Compensatory Education Resource Team (2002), â€Å"Effective teachers strive to provide a more balanced linguistic exchange between themselves and their students—ELL students need the practice in speaking. † Furthermore, â€Å"When students spend their time actively engaged in activities that relate strongly to the materials they will be tested on, they learn more of the material. † (Bilingual and Compensatory Education Resource Team, 2002) The importance of constant student engagement cannot be stressed enough. Teachers must always provide activities that promote student interaction and participation. Another important component of the SIOP model that is essential in English language teaching is feedback. Teachers must give students immediate feedback on their work. Immediate feedback from the teacher lets students know if they are on the right track. Feedback also allows teachers to clarify concepts and correct misconceptions of students. Feedback can be given in a formal or informal manner. In correcting students’ works such as essays or exams, the teacher can write their feedback. They can identify the points that the students must work on. Also, teachers can provide informal feedback. Teachers can provide oral feedback and support this by facial expressions or body language. For instance, a nod from the teacher lets the student know that what he is doing is correct. A smile also lets the student know that he is doing well. A puzzled look lets the student know that something is not right with what he is saying or with what he is doing. The ways by which feedback is given can depend on the age group and proficiency level of the class as well. For young students and beginners, oral feedback is more appropriate. At this age and level, students may find it hard to understand written feedback. For older and more advanced students, written feedback may be of more use since teachers will be able provide a more detailed and specific feedback. The SIOP model is one of the many approaches to second language teaching. It can cater to various ages and language groups. Using such model allows the teacher to adjust the lesson to the students’ level and age. This model provides various strategies that can be used in ELL classrooms. Using the model, ELL teachers can provide better instruction that will lead to the development of their students’ English language skills. References Bilingual and Compensatory Education Resource Team. (2002).Making Content Comprehensible for English Language Learners—SIOP Model- SHELTERED INSTRUCTION— for Academic Achievement. Dearborn Public Schools. Retrieved 2 December 2007 from: http://www. misd. net/bilingual/ELL. pdf. Echevarria, J. , Vogt, M. , Short, D.(2004) Making Content Comprehensible for English Learners: The SIOP Model (Second Edition). Needham Hts. , MA: Allyn and Bacon. Krashen, S. (1988). Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Prentice-Hall International. Schutz, R. (2007). Stephen Krashens Theory of Second Language Acquisition. English Made in Brazil. Retrieved 2 December 2007 from: http://www. sk. com. br/sk-krash. html. Wallace, S. (2004). Effective Instructional Strategies for English Language Learners in Mainstream Classrooms. New Horizons for Learning. Retrieved 2 December 2007 from: http://www. newhorizons. org/spneeds/ell/wallace. htm.

Queen Elizabeth and her Conflicts Essay -- Royalty

Queen Elizabeth I was one of the most famous monarchs along with being one of the most successful woman rulers in history (Rowse 243). During her reign, she is said to have kept a long and eternal peace. Wikianswers believes that the main conflict she had during her reign was, â€Å"the aspects of the catholic religion†. Yes, religious settlement of England needed to be established, but her throne was in danger of her sister in the start and the intrusion her cousin later had greatly impacted and challenged Elizabeth. These are the obstacles I think she more had to battle during her reign. But she wasn’t always first in line for the royalty seat. Elizabeth was the child of King Henry and Anne Boleyn (Galli) born in the year 1533. King Henry had a previous wife named Catherine of Argon with whom they bore Mary in the year 1516. King Henry of course wanting a male heir kept trying and finally had a boy in 1537 with Jane Seymour named Edward VI. Edward was concluded to inherit the throne but died at a young age leaving Mary I of Henry’s children to be next in line (Galli). King Henry lived to the age 55 and passed due to bad health. This was the year of 1547 and Mary being the successor, became queen. Mary I â€Å"suffered terrible childhood of neglect, intolerance, and ill health†, says Galli. In her years she went from having high status, to loosing it all from a law change, to receiving it all back and reinstating her to the throne. Her major goal once queen was to reestablish Catholicism and was very committed. She was named Bloody Mary due to her burning of 300 Protestants at the stake which is a big sense to why â€Å"her reign was unpopular† (Galli). Thomas Wyatt led a rebellion with many Protestants to dethrone her. Mary was certain El... ...gue to rest in her bed. She died in March of 1603 (Queen Elizabeth I). Queen Elizabeth never had children so her successor was James VI of Scotland who became James I of England. He was the son of Mary Stuart and was King of Scots, Ireland, and lastly England as of 1603 at the age of 37 (Wikipedia). He was a talented scholar and â€Å"The Golden Age† continued into his reign. Through Elizabeth’s 45 year’s of British rule, she battled challenging obstacles such as religious conflict, Mary Tudor’s rule, peoples’ will to overthrow her, and Mary Queen of Scots intrusion. She faced these trials and managed to be given the title of England’s greatest monarch. This influential woman ruler left inspiration and knowledge for future monarchs and the British government for many years to come. She had also provided her country with stability and a sense of identity (Rowse 245).